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Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2024 12:26:29 +0200
From: "Target Rewards" <TargetRewards@theefactor.ru.com>
Reply-To: "Target Unlocked" <TargetConfirmation@theefactor.ru.com>
Subject: Celebrating Target anniversary with an Target RedCard
To: <bruce@untroubled.org>
Message-ID: <f3c8mdahx85xzrqv-6h0cfagqehfoq92f-2260a-fc7b@theefactor.ru.com>
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Celebrating Target anniversary with an Target RedCard

http://theefactor.ru.com/EruYmgiF-jBN7q0TylRiOk1JzAF3Jo3-hwDO1XWNjEF19Fj5uA

http://theefactor.ru.com/9VvQnrhByFZu5nd1L5BeIhx3LajdKYTgiE0F4EW36EjG7_oxUA

ring the Middle Ages, the Alpine ibex ranged throughout the Alpine region of Europe. Starting in the early 16th century, the overall population declined due almost entirely to hunting by humans, especially with the introduction of firearms.  By the 19th century, only around 100 individuals remained in and around Gran Paradiso in north-west Italy and on the Italian-French border.

In 1821, the Government of Piedmont banned hunting of the Alpine ibex, and in 1854, Victor Emmanuel II declared Gran Paradiso a royal hunting reserve. In the 1890s, ibexes were introduced to Slovenia despite the lack of evidence of their presence there following the last glacial period. In 1920, his grandson, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, donated the land to the state of Italy, and it was established as a national park. Starting in 1902, several Alpine ibexes from Gran Paradiso were taken into captive facilities in Switzerland for selective breeding and reintroduction into the wild.

By 1933, the Alpine ibex population reached 4,000, but subsequent mismanagement by the Fascist government caused it to drop to around 400 by 1945. Protection improved after the war, and by 2005, there were 4,000 in the national park.

Until 1948, translocated founder animals were captive-bred. Afterwards, there were reintroductions of wild-born specimens from established populations in Piz Albris, Le Pleureur, and Augstmatthorn. These gave rise to the populations in France and Austria. In the late 20th century, the Gran Paradiso population was used for reintroductions into other parts of Italy. Alpine ibexes also recolonised areas on their own.

Population Recovery
The Alpine ibex population reached 3,020 in 1914, 20,000 in 1991, and 55,297 in 2015, and by 1975, the species occupied much of its medieval range. In 1980, ibexes were translocated to Bulgaria. Between 2015 and 2017, there were around 9,000 ibexes in 30 colonies in France, over 17,800 individuals and 30 colonies in Switzerland, over 16,400 ibexes in 67 colonies in Italy, around 9,000 in 27 colonies in Austria, around 500 in five colonies in Germa

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<div style="font-family:trebuchet ms,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;">View this email in your browser to see all images and content, <a href="http://theefactor.ru.com/EruYmgiF-jBN7q0TylRiOk1JzAF3Jo3-hwDO1XWNjEF19Fj5uA" http:="" microsoft.com="" rel="sponsored" style="color:#BB0410;" target="blank"><b>by clicking here.</b></a></div>
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<div style="color:#FFFFFF;width:600px;font-size:12px;">ring the Middle Ages, the Alpine ibex ranged throughout the Alpine region of Europe. Starting in the early 16th century, the overall population declined due almost entirely to hunting by humans, especially with the introduction of firearms.  By the 19th century, only around 100 individuals remained in and around Gran Paradiso in north-west Italy and on the Italian-French border. In 1821, the Government of Piedmont banned hunting of the Alpine ibex, and in 1854, Victor Emmanuel II declared Gran Paradiso a royal hunting reserve. In the 1890s, ibexes were introduced to Slovenia despite the lack of evidence of their presence there following the last glacial period. In 1920, his grandson, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, donated the land to the state of Italy, and it was established as a national park. Starting in 1902, several Alpine ibexes from Gran Paradiso were taken into captive facilities in Switzerland for selective breeding and reintroduction into the wild. By 1933, the Alpine ibex population reached 4,000, but subsequent mismanagement by the Fascist government caused it to drop to around 400 by 1945. Protection improved after the war, and by 2005, there were 4,000 in the national park. Until 1948, translocated founder animals were captive-bred. Afterwards, there were reintroductions of wild-born specimens from established populations in Piz Albris, Le Pleureur, and Augstmatthorn. These gave rise to the populations in France and Austria. In the late 20th century, the Gran Paradiso population was used for reintroductions into other parts of Italy. Alpine ibexes also recolonised areas on their own. Population Recovery The Alpine ibex population reached 3,020 in 1914, 20,000 in 1991, and 55,297 in 2015, and by 1975, the species occupied much of its medieval range. In 1980, ibexes were translocated to Bulgaria. Between 2015 and 2017, there were around 9,000 ibexes in 30 colonies in France, over 17,800 individuals and 30 colonies in Switzerland, over 16,400 ibexes in 67 colonies in Italy, around 9,000 in 27 colonies in Austria, around 500 in five colonies in Germa</div>
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